This disease is spread easily during anal or vaginal sex, and it can also be spread through oral sex or other close skin-to-skin touching during sex. HPV can be spread even when an infected person has no visible signs or symptoms. However, if an infection does not go away, it is possible to develop HPV symptoms months or years after getting infected. This makes it hard to know exactly when you became infected. Lasting HPV infection can cause genital warts or certain kinds of cancer. It is not known why some people develop health problems from HPV and others do not.
Most men who get HPV never develop symptoms and the infection usually goes away completely by itself. However, if HPV does not go away, it can cause genital warts or certain kinds of cancer. See your healthcare provider if you have questions about anything new or unusual such as warts, or unusual growths, lumps, or sores on your penis, scrotum, anus, mouth, or throat.
Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area around the penis or the anus. These warts might be small or large, raised or flat, or shaped like a cauliflower. The warts may go away, or stay the same, or grow in size or number. Usually, a healthcare provider can diagnose genital warts simply by looking at them.
Genital warts can come back, even after treatment. The types of HPV that cause warts do not cause cancer. These include cervical cancer in women, penile cancer in men, and anal cancer in both women and men.
HPV can also cause cancer in the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils called oropharyngeal cancer.
All of these cancers are caused by HPV infections that did not go away. They generally produce little to no other symptoms. They tend to resolve on their own without any long-term effects. High-risk HPVs are more aggressive forms of the virus that may require medical treatment. Sometimes, they can also cause cell changes that may lead to cancer. Warts may also occur on the back of your throat. If you notice any abnormal skin changes in these areas, see a doctor immediately for further evaluation.
Both men and women can contract HPV from having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has an infection. Three male subpopulations are at an increased risk for developing HPV-related health problems.
These include:. Data from to indicates that there are approximately 41, HPV-related cancers in the United States each year. Of these, almost 24, occurred in women and about 17, occurred in men. Cervical cancer is the most common HPV-related cancer in women. Throat cancer is the most common HPV-related cancer in men. Due to the high correlation between cervical cancer and HPV , much effort has gone into creating tools to diagnose HPV in women.
Currently, there are no approved tests to detect HPV in men. Some people may carry and possibly spread the virus for years without ever knowing. You should see your doctor immediately if you notice any abnormal skin growths or changes in your penile, scrotal, anal, or throat areas. These may be early signs of cancerous growths. However, most health problems that are caused by HPV are treatable. The best prevention is the HPV vaccine.
It can prevent both high-risk and low-risk HPV and is recommended for boys and young men along with girls and young women. Men are typically screened clinically with a visual inspection to check for lesions such as warts — there is no specific way to test directly for HPV in men that is approved for clinical use.
Researchers are looking at ways to better screen men, but the current lack of testing options for males can be very frustrating. While still not routinely done, anyone with a history of receptive anal sex may want to speak with his or her health care provider about having an anal Pap test.
Anal cancer is uncommon, but screening can still be an important precaution — talk to your provider if you have questions. Most sexually active couples share HPV until the immune response suppresses the infection.
Partners who are sexually intimate only with each other are not likely to pass the same virus back and forth. Research has shown that the HPV test may lead to inconsistent results with men. This is because it is difficult to get a good cell sample to test from the thick skin on the penis.
Most people will not have visible symptoms if they are exposed to HPV. Therefore, for most, the virus is subclinical invisible. This is especially true for males.
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